Planning history

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Planning applications in Haringey

From the council’s own planning register, read in full from 2006. One of the councils’ registers on one map in Town Planner Pro.

Town Planner Pro holds 65,041 planning applications from the planning register of Haringey, read in full from 2006 to 6 November 2026. Of the 47,762 approved or refused, 82% were approved. In the last twelve months 2,534 were approved or refused, 89% approved. Figures as at 11 November 2026; the register was last read on 9 November 2026.

65,041

applications held

82%

of those approved or refused, approved

2,534

approved or refused in the last 12 months, 89% approved

660

pending on the register

By year

By the year the council validated each application (received, where no date of validation is given). % approved is of those approved or refused.

YearApplicationsApprovedRefused% approved
2026 to date2,8271,41617389%
20253,4072,03628088%
20243,3741,97629687%
20233,2601,91331286%
20223,5242,15430588%
20213,8512,23041384%
20203,5652,04743183%
20193,3982,19531487%
20183,5142,40732488%
20173,3292,13238385%
20163,7032,35747983%
20153,5442,21961378%
20143,3702,37237586%
20132,7591,83931186%
20122,3801,54641979%
20112,0451,30929682%
20102,4801,54737980%
20092,1941,29444374%
20082,4871,39350973%
20072,8161,47764270%
20062,7411,30865267%

95% of the applications held are on the map, placed by the council’s own point or red line, the property, or the postcode. Outcomes are the register’s; an application whose outcome is not yet read counts in none of the three.

The appeals decided here are in the appeal record for London Borough of Haringey.

Newest applications in Haringey

The 40 most recently validated, newest first.

  1. Pendingvalid 6 November 2026HGY/2026/3057

    Alexandra Palace Alexandra Palace Way Wood Green London N22 7AY

    Tree works for South Terrace – West side of the Palace - detailed on accompanying schedule

    The council’s page
  2. Pendingvalid 6 November 2026HGY/2026/2962

    47 Grovelands Road Tottenham London N15 6BT

    Demolition of the existing two-storey synagogue building and erection of a replacement three-storey synagogue (Use Class F1(f)) on the same footprint and to the same height as the existing building together with the extension approved under planning permission HGY/2022/1199, including main synagogue, women's synagogue, mikvah and ancillary accommodation, with refuse and cycle storage and associated works.

    The council’s page
  3. Pendingvalid 5 November 2026HGY/2026/3047

    14 Grange Road Hornsey London N6 4AP

    Birch - Cut trunk as close to ground level as practically possible This tree is in decline Dead Birch - Cut trunk as close to ground level as practically possible This tree is dead Holly - Reduce the height back to the previous reduction points (approx. 3.5m) Maintenance works in line with good arboricultural practice

    The council’s page
  4. Pendingvalid 5 November 2026HGY/2026/3045

    Flat 1 32 Clifton Road Hornsey London N8 8JA

    - T1 Bay: reduce height by up to 3.5m and crown spread to the south, east and west by up to 1m, then trim annually to maintain. - T7 Ash: reduce height by up to 2m and radial crown spread by up to 1.5m. - T8 Smokebush (Cotinus): reduce by up to 40%, height by up to 2m.

    The council’s page
  5. Pendingvalid 5 November 2026HGY/2026/3042

    80 Dukes Avenue Hornsey London N10 2QA

    1 x Sycamore Sapling - Cut the entire tree to ground level 2 x Conifer - Cut the entire tree to ground level Trees are causing subsidence issues (see attached report) in houses and front wall and are inappropriate species for the location

    The council’s page
  6. Pendingvalid 5 November 2026HGY/2026/2417

    5 The Broadway Hornsey London N8 8DU

    Retrospective retention of existing air-conditioning plant

    The council’s page
  7. Pendingvalid 5 November 2026HGY/2026/3035

    26 Claremont Road Hornsey London N6 5BY

    T1) Eucalyptus: fell to ground level. Insurance company have stipulated this needs to happen due to subsidence.

    The council’s page
  8. Pendingvalid 5 November 2026HGY/2026/3039

    Land Outside 48 Grand Parade London N4 1AG

    Display of advertising screens associated with installation of 1 no. new communications Kiosk with integrated defibrillator and advertising displays

    The council’s page
  9. Pendingvalid 5 November 2026HGY/2026/2985

    Land Outside 48 Grand Parade London N4 1AG

    Removal of existing telephone boxes followed by the installation of 1 no. new communications Kiosk with integrated defibrillator and advertising display

    The council’s page
  10. Pendingvalid 4 November 2026HGY/2026/3022

    Haringey Sixth Form Centre White Hart Lane Tottenham London N17 8HR

    Approval of details reserved by a condition 7a(Design Stage Assessment) condition 16(Land Contamination) and 21(Biodiversity Net Gain) attached to planning application reference HGY/2026/3153for erection of a single-storey teaching block extension with associated landscaping.

    The council’s page
  11. Pendingvalid 4 November 2026HGY/2026/3021

    17 Stuart Crescent Wood Green London N22 5NN

    T1 = to fell 1 x Hawthorn tree to ground level (major decay at 2.0mtrs) T2 = to fell 1 x Lime tree to ground level (tree is damaging the wall) T3 = to fell 1 x Holly tree (causing wall to collapse) G1 = to fell group of self-seeded Ash trees to ground level (causing wall to collapse) General maintenance Neighbouring property encroachment

    The council’s page
  12. Pendingvalid 4 November 2026HGY/2026/3020

    40 Southwood Lane Hornsey London N6 5EB

    Eucalyptus - Crown reduce the height by approx 3.0m Crown reduce the spread to balance and shape (approx. 1.5m) Crown thin by 10% and remove dead wood Maintenance works in line with good arboricultural practice

    The council’s page
  13. Pendingvalid 4 November 2026HGY/2026/3030

    The Alexandra Park Sports Club Cic The Racecourse Ground Alexandra Park London N22 7AX

    We are seeking to remove an Ash tree (T1) on our site in order that we can carry out works removing a storage container, expand a hardstanding area and preventing potential future damage to nearby underground drains. The plan is to fell the tree, located to the East of the Clubhouse, to ensure the container can be moved. We currently don't have plans to to plan replacement trees in the vicinty given the planned works.

    The council’s page
  14. Pendingvalid 4 November 2026HGY/2026/3019

    Flat A 29 Marquis Road Hornsey London N4 3AN

    T1: Large Horse Chestnut. Historic pruning has been done on one side only, so the specification is to reduce the lapsed sides by 2-3m back to previous pruning points to balance crown and make even for future maintenance.

    The council’s page
  15. Pendingvalid 4 November 2026HGY/2026/2940

    95 Kitchener Road Tottenham London N17 6DU

    Lawful development: Proposed use - Erection of a single storey outbuilding

    The council’s page
  16. Pendingvalid 4 November 2026HGY/2026/3032

    23 Stanhope Gardens Hornsey London N6 5TT

    Large Oak - Crown reduce the low to mid spread growing towards South-East, South and South-West by branches of up to 2.5m keeping the natural canopy outline. Crown thin by 20% and remove major dead wood. Maintenance works in line with good arboricultural practice

    The council’s page
  17. Pendingvalid 4 November 2026HGY/2026/3034

    Hornsey Town Hall The Broadway London N8 9JJ

    Five Day Notice. T1 Weeping Ash at the rear of the Town Hall which has multiple weak points including bracket fungus and decayed sections. Manage potential sudden failure by removing the end section as per photos.

    The council’s page
  18. Pendingvalid 4 November 2026HGY/2026/3028

    Alexandra Palace Alexandra Palace Way Wood Green London N22 7AY

    T043 London Plane (Platanus x hispanica) - Remove Massaria infected branches over grass on northern aspect. T065 x2 White Willow (Salix alba) - Fell stem with lifting rootplate. Pollard stem with tag 3315 at 8m height. T121 x2 Common lime (Tilia x europaea) - Remove major deadwood.

    The council’s page
  19. Pendingvalid 3 November 2026HGY/2026/3004

    First Floor Flat 1 Rusper Road Tottenham London N22 6QT

    Loft conversion with a rear dormer roof extension, insertion of 1no. rooflight on the front slope, and construction of rear roof terrace with balustrade, privacy screening and planters above rear outrigger.

    The council’s page
  20. Pendingvalid 3 November 2026HGY/2026/3012

    11 Elyne Road Hornsey London N4 4RA

    Non-Material Amendment to approved development HGY/2025/3585 (Erection of a single-storey side and rear extension, and formation of a rear dormer window to the main roof) changing proposed solar roof tiles to PV panels

    The council’s page
  21. Pendingvalid 3 November 2026HGY/2026/3009

    14 Wellfield Avenue Hornsey London N10 2EA

    T1 - Sycamore tree (Acer ssp.), crown reduce back to the most recent previous point of reduction, or approx. 2.5-3.0m in height and 2.0m in lateral spread, whilst retaining suitable regrowth points. T2 - Sycamore tree (Acer ssp.), crown reduce back to the most recent previous point of reduction, or approx. 2.5-3.0m in height and 2.0m in lateral spread, whilst retaining suitable regrowth points.

    The council’s page
  22. Pendingvalid 3 November 2026HGY/2026/3008

    79 Upper Tollington Park Hornsey London N4 4DD

    T1 Sycamore of the submitted MWA Arboricultural Report Works: Remove (fell) to near ground level and treat stump to inhibit regrowth. Reason: Clay shrinkage subsidence damage at the subject property.

    The council’s page
  23. Pendingvalid 3 November 2026HGY/2026/3016

    85 Maryland Road Wood Green London N22 5AR

    Variation of condition 2 (Approved Plans) attached to planning permission ref: HGY/2026/2427 (Alterations to as-built single storey extension) to change the proposed L-shaped skylight to be 2no. separate skylights)

    The council’s page
  24. Pendingvalid 2 November 2026HGY/2026/2993

    65 Gladstone Avenue Wood Green London N22 6JY

    Replacement of front door from timber (brown) to timber (grey)

    The council’s page
  25. Pendingvalid 2 November 2026HGY/2026/2992

    9 Muswell Hill Hornsey London N10 3TH

    Approval of details pursuant to condition 6 (lime mortar specification) attached to planning permission ref. HGY/2026/0558 and Listed Building Consent ref. HGY/2026/0622

    The council’s page
  26. Pendingvalid 2 November 2026HGY/2026/2994

    22 Oldfield Mews Hornsey London N6 5XA

    T1: Lime Tree (Tilia species) – Located on the rear boundary line at the southwest corner of the building. PROPOSED WORKS: Fell to ground level (complete removal) and grind out stump. 1. Structural Hazard to Adjacent Window Bay: The tree exhibits a severe, unnatural trunk lean angled directly toward the adjacent residential window bay. During high wind events, dynamic sail-loading (compounded by heavy ivy) creates continuous leverage on the slender trunk, posing an imminent risk of failure into habitable rooms. 2. Inadequacy of Previous Pruning (Ref: HGY/2026/2273): Approval under HGY/2026/2273 pruned branches to 2m clearance, but failed to resolve the primary hazard: the structural lean of the main trunk toward the windows. 3. Documented Branch Failures & Active Structural Instability: The tree has a documented history of branch failure, with fallen branches already recorded on site. This active shedding demonstrates structural weakness within the crown canopy, which—when combined with heavy foliage and dense ivy—creates dynamic sail-loading and excessive leverage on an already leaning trunk. 4. Structural Hazard & Direct Proximity: The severe, unnatural trunk lean is angled directly toward the adjacent residential window bay. Given the history of branch drop and the trunk’s angle, high wind events pose an imminent, unacceptable risk of major structural failure into habitable rooms. 5. Request for Site Visit: Report HGY/2026/2273 noted no site visit was conducted. An in-person assessment is requested to evaluate the trunk angle and structural proximity to the window bay. 6. Low Amenity: The tree is not publicly visible and holds minimal amenity value relative to the risk to adjacent windows. While pollarding or pruning was previously considered, it is no longer a viable or safe solution for this specific tree. Previous pruning (Ref: HGY/2026/2273) failed to address the core problem: a severe, fundamental structural lean of the main trunk directly toward the residential window bay. Pruning does not correct root plate instability or prevent the leaning trunk from failing under heavy wind loads. We actively welcome and request an in-person site visit by a Haringey Tree Officer to verify the severe trunk angle and structural risk to the window bay, addressing previous concerns regarding assessments (if applicable).

    The council’s page
  27. Pendingvalid 2 November 2026HGY/2026/2995

    12 Kingsley Place Hornsey London N6 5EA

    T1: Ash (18m): Reduce overhang back to boundary removing 3m of growth to reduce risk of failure T2: Eucalyptus (8m): Pollard to 4m (removing 4m of growth) to keep trees at a size suitable for its location and as part of regular maintenance

    The council’s page
  28. Pendingvalid 2 November 2026HGY/2026/3001

    355 Lordship Lane Tottenham London N17 6AE

    Erection of single storey extension which extends beyond the rear wall of the original house by 6m, for which the maximum height would be 3m and for which the height of the eaves would be 3m

    The council’s page
  29. Pendingvalid 2 November 2026HGY/2026/2877

    Old School Court Drapers Road Tottenham London N17 6LY

    Listed Building Consent for replacement fire doors to flats

    The council’s page
  30. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/2989

    530-536 High Road Tottenham London N17 9SX

    Consent to display an advertisement

    The council’s page
  31. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/2976

    573-575 Lordship Lane Wood Green London N22 5LE

    Non-Material amendment to planning permission HGY/2022/0011 to amend the triggers of Conditions 17 (Petrol Station Noise Insulation), 25 (Overheating Assessment and Mitigation), 26a (Living Roof Details), and 27a (Ecological Protection and Enhancements) for the approved permission for "Demolition of existing buildings and redevelopment of site to provide 17 affordable residential units (Use Class C3) with landscaping and other associated works"

    The council’s page
  32. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/2978

    573-575 Lordship Lane Wood Green London N22 5LE

    Approval of details reserved by conditions 10 (CLP) 22(b) (CEMP) and 23 (Considerate Constructors Scheme) attached to planning permission HGY/2022/0011 for "Demolition of existing buildings and redevelopment of site to provide 17 affordable residential units (Use Class C3)"

    The council’s page
  33. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/2974

    1 Wroxham Gardens Wood Green London N11 2AY

    Replacement of the existing single storey side garage with a larger side extension including an enclosed loft space with front and rear dormers accessible via internal stairs, and 10x solar panels on the roof at the rear.

    The council’s page
  34. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/2986

    Land Outside Adj 286 West Green Rd London N15 3QR

    Removal of existing telephone boxes followed by the installation of 1 no. new communications Kiosk with integrated defibrillator and advertising display

    The council’s page
  35. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/3037

    Land Outside Adj 286 West Green Rd London N15 3QR

    Display of advertising screens associated with installation of 1 no. new communications Kiosk with integrated defibrillator and advertising displays

    The council’s page
  36. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/2984

    Land Outside 1 Crouch End Hill London N8 8DL

    Removal of existing telephone boxes followed by the installation of 1 no. new communications Kiosk with integrated defibrillator and advertising display

    The council’s page
  37. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/2983

    33 Rhodes Avenue Wood Green London N22 7UR

    Erection of a single storey rear and side extension; Hip to gable roof extension with dormer extension to rear.

    The council’s page
  38. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/2981

    34 Ermine Road Tottenham London N15 6DD

    Lawful development: Proposed use. Erection of a rear dormer roof extension including the installation of two front rooflights.

    The council’s page
  39. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/3038

    Land Outside Chisley Rd O/S Twyford House London N15 6PA

    Display of advertising screens associated with installation of 1 no. new communications Kiosk with integrated defibrillator and advertising displays

    The council’s page
  40. Pendingvalid 30 October 2026HGY/2026/2991

    6 Oakington Way Hornsey London N8 9EP

    Alterations to the existing school building for use as a Special Educational Needs (SEN) school.

    The council’s page

Latest decisions in Haringey

  1. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/1282

    Former Petrol Filling Station 76 Mayes Road London N22 6SY

    Discharge of Schedule 2, Clause 4.12.2 (DEN Specification) of section the Section 106 Legal Agreement attached to planning permission ref. HGY/2022/2452

    The council’s page
  2. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/2566

    Trackside 99 Metres Northwest of Wood Green Tunnel (Country End)

    Proposed installation of freshwave 6.0m high hinged support pole with 2no. Yagi antennas and equipment cabinet. (Prior Approval - Development by telecoms operators)

    The council’s page
  3. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/2570

    Trackside 90 Metres Southeast of Wood Green Tunnel (London End)

    Proposed installation of freshwave 6.0m high hinged support pole with 2no. Yagi antennas and equipment cabinet. (Prior Approval - Development by telecoms operators)

    The council’s page
  4. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/2757

    Tottenham Substation Watermead Way London N17 0SG

    Approval of Requirement 3 (Stages of authorised development) of the North London Reinforcement Order 2014 (The Order) attached to development consent order HGY/2014/3601 to account for amending staging plan.

    The council’s page
  5. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/2495

    High Point 2 North Hill Hornsey London N6 4AZ

    Listed Building Consent for repair and decoration works to Highpoint II facades - areas of rendered façade, steel windows and areas of tiled cladding.

    The council’s page
  6. Refuseddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/1425

    63 Park Ridings Wood Green London N8 0LB

    Change of use from a single dwelling (Use Class C3) to a House in Multiple Occupation (Use Class C4) (retrospective), with proposed refuse/recycling and cycle storage.

    The council’s page
  7. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/2282

    77 Falkland Road Hornsey London N8 0NS

    Erection of single storey side and rear extension

    The council’s page
  8. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/2590

    Mayfield House St Anns General Hospital St Anns Road Tottenham London N15 3TH

    Partial approval of details (Phase 1A only) for partial discharge of details pursuant to Condition 28(b) 'PV Provision' for Block C3 only attached to Planning Permission Ref: HGY/2022/1833 dated 10 July 2023.

    The council’s page
  9. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/2591

    Mayfield House St Anns General Hospital St Anns Road Tottenham London N15 3TH

    Partial approval of details (Blocks D1 & C3 only of Phase 1A) pursuant to Condition 12 (SBD) attached to Planning Permission Ref: HGY/2022/1833 dated 10 July 2023.

    The council’s page
  10. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/2192

    83 Priory Road Hornsey London N8 8LY

    Extension of existing roofspace comprising rear dormer window and front and side rooflights and conversion of upper floor into one self-contained flat (Use Class C3a), alongside installation of air source heat pump, cycle and refuse stores in the front garden, and minor landscaping works to the front garden.

    The council’s page
  11. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/1753

    39 Queen Street London N17 8HZ

    Approval of details reserved by a condition 15a (BREEAM) attached to planning permission reference HGY/2024/1203 grnated on 26th March 2026 for the redevelopment for industrial and warehousing purposes (within Use Classes E(g)(ii), E(g)(iii), B2 and B8, with ancillary office accommodation together with access, service yard, car and cycle parking, landscaping, construction of a new substation, boundary treatments and other related works including demolition

    The council’s page
  12. Approveddecided 6 November 2026HGY/2026/1167

    25 27 & 29 Craven Park Road Tottenham London N15 6AA

    Erection of single storey ground floor rear extensions across the three properties 25-29 Craven Park Road

    The council’s page
  13. Refuseddecided 5 November 2026HGY/2026/2583

    49 Sylvan Avenue Wood Green London N22 5JA

    Change of use: Residential Dwelling to C3 - C4 HMO with Bin store, bike store, side alleyway to be constructed.

    The council’s page
  14. Approveddecided 5 November 2026HGY/2026/2603

    31 Fairfax Road Hornsey London N8 0NH

    Rear side return infill extension

    The council’s page
  15. Not requireddecided 5 November 2026HGY/2026/2629

    152 Woodfield Way Wood Green London N11 2NU

    Certificate of Lawfulness: Proposed hip to gable enlargement with rear dormer roof extension and installation of rooflights; Erection of a single-storey rear extension; Replacement of first-floor window on rear elevation; Creation of raised front step to front entrance and replacement of front entrance door; Demolition of existing rear shed and rearrangement of the rear garden entrance.

    The council’s page
  16. Approveddecided 5 November 2026HGY/2026/2386

    Mayfield House St Anns General Hospital St Anns Road Tottenham London N15 3TH

    Partial approval of details (Phase 1A only) pursuant to part (xii) 'signage' only of Condition 55 (landscaping) attached to Planning permission Ref: HGY/2022/1833 dated 10 July 2023.

    The council’s page
  17. Approveddecided 5 November 2026HGY/2026/2078

    30-48 Lawrence Road Tottenham London N15 4EG

    Approval of details pursuant to conditions 6a (BREEAM - Partial Discharge part (a) only), 14 (Non-Road Mobile Machinery), 15 (Dust Monitoring), 16 (Considerate Constructors Scheme), 19 (Tree Protection Measure) and 21 (Drainage), attached to planning permission HGY/2025/3108.

    The council’s page
  18. Refuseddecided 5 November 2026HGY/2026/1682

    Flat B 8 Haslemere Road Hornsey London N8 9QX

    Loft conversion including roof extension and Juliet balcony.

    The council’s page
  19. Not requireddecided 5 November 2026HGY/2026/2775

    75 Hillfield Avenue Hornsey London N8 7DS

    Sycamore (T1) - fell, tree is 90% dead and infected with sooty bark disease. Sycamore (T2) - fell, tree is 50% dead, remaining crown severely stress and dying. Bay (T3) - reduce height by 2m and sides by 1.5m, to restrict root growth as its close to the building

    The council’s page
  20. Not requireddecided 5 November 2026HGY/2026/2815

    Ground Floor Front Flat 4 2 Harold Road Hornsey London N8 7DE

    Lime (T1) - repollard back to old pollard points (4m off). Limes (T2, T3 & T4) - repollard back to old pollard points (3m off) and cut 10cm off pollard heads on street side to allow for installation of new fence. Reason - repollards are general maintenance and to allow light into flats. Cutting back pollard heads slightly to allow for installation of a new fence.

    The council’s page
  21. Approveddecided 4 November 2026HGY/2026/2716

    Plot B (Ferry Island) Tottenham Hale Centre

    Approval of details pursuant to Part B of Condition B15 (Secure by Design Accreditation - Metropolitan Police) in relation to Plot B, Building 1 South and Building 2 (FERRY ISLAND site) of the Tottenham Hale Centre development planning permission (LPA ref: HGY/2018/2223) dated 27 March 2019

    The council’s page
  22. Approveddecided 4 November 2026HGY/2026/2450

    149 Victoria Road Wood Green London N22 7XH

    Replacement of existing single-glazed timber-framed sash and casement windows to front and rear elevations with new double-glazed uPVC-framed sash windows. Replacement of existing single-glazed timber-framed rear door with new double-glazed uPVC-framed rear door.

    The council’s page
  23. Approveddecided 4 November 2026HGY/2026/2744

    45 Woodfield Way Wood Green London N11 2NR

    Single-storey garden room in the rear garden of the property, replacing the existing garage

    The council’s page
  24. Not requireddecided 4 November 2026HGY/2026/2781

    30 Talbot Road Hornsey London N6 4QP

    1) Robinia: Reduce overall crown by up to 4 metres to bring into a more structurally robust form; remove any dead and defective branchwood. Decay around base and throughout the stem.

    The council’s page
  25. Not requireddecided 4 November 2026HGY/2026/2786

    80C St James's Lane Hornsey London N10 3RD

    Rear Garden: T1: Mature Lime: Approximately 13.00m: Growing between No.53 The Chine and The corner of No.80c St.James Lane. Reduce back to previous and most recent points of reduction, approximately 1.50m-1.70m all round. Raise crown over the boundary fences to clear. Ensure a minimum of 2.00m clearance of the building. Remove major dead wood. Thin crown density by approximately 20%. General maintenance/Control encroachment.

    The council’s page

From the planning register of Haringey, read by Town Planner Pro. Descriptions are the council’s own words; some registers cut them short in their lists. No applicant’s or agent’s details are kept, and a personal name within a description is shown as [name]. The council’s register is the record: check its own page before relying on an entry. This page is research, not advice.